rat anti-mouse vcam-1  (Bio-Rad)

Journal: Arthritis Research & Therapy

Article Title: Treatment with apolipoprotein A-1 mimetic peptide reduces lupus-like manifestations in a murine lupus model of accelerated atherosclerosis

doi: 10.1186/ar3020

Figure Lengend Snippet: Unaffected lipid profiles with modified plasma antigen levels and monocyte chemotactic activity in representative mice . Luminex-based bead array was performed for plasma chemokines and cytokines, including: (a) IL-10 (interleukin-10; also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, CSIF), a cytokine secreted in response to tissue damage, presented lower levels in L-4F-treated mice--consistent with increased tissue damage in control mice. (b) Plasma levels of CCL9 (also known as MIP-1γ), a chemoattractant that contributes to monocyte infiltration in renal disease, were significantly less in mice treated with L-4F. (c) Indicators of atherosclerosis severity: CCL19 (also known as MIP-3-β) and VCAM-1. CCL19 recruits T-cells and dendritic cells to target organs and promotes inflammatory responses and was significantly decreased in mice treated with L-4F or combination treatment. Similar trends were seen with VCAM-1, an endothelial adhesion molecule involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression of glomerulonephritis. After Bonferoni correction, P -values less than 0.0009 for plasma markers were considered significant. (d) Plasma lipid levels, including total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol, were unaffected in all of the treatment groups compared to vehicle controls. (e) However, L-4F (L) significantly rendered mouse HDL anti-inflammatory and LDL less inflammatory compared to control (C) as determined in cultures of human aortic endothelial cells (n = 10 mice per treatment group, three to four mice per pool). * P ≤ 0.05.

Article Snippet: Serial 10 μm thick cryosections of aortic root were individually immunohistochemically stained for either 1) macrophages (rat anti-mouse CD68; Vector Labs, Burlingame, CA, USA), 2) α-actin (alkaline phosphatase-conjugated monoclonal anti-α-smooth muscle actin; Sigma) [ ], 3) T-cells (rat anti-mouse CD4; Vector Labs), or 4) VCAM-1 (rat anti-mouse VCAM-1; AbD Serotec; Raleigh, NC, USA).

Techniques: Modification, Activity Assay, Luminex